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/*728*90 created on 2018/5/16*/ var cpro_id = "u3440131"; Home>Bearing knowledge>Detailed details of sliding bearings Detailed information on the sliding bearing
Sliding bearing; bearing working under sliding conflict. Sliding bearing works smoothly, firmly and without noise. Under the condition of smooth liquid; the sliding surface is separated by smooth oil without straight touch; it can also be greatly reduced Conflict damage and appearance wear; the oil film also has a certain vibration absorption ability. However, the resistance of the starting conflict is large. Some of the shafts are supported by bearings, which are called journals; the parts that are matched with the journals are called bearing bushes. In order to improve the conflicting properties of the bearing surfaces. The friction reducing material layer cast on the inner and outer surfaces is called the bearing lining. The materials of the bearing bush and the bearing lining are collectively referred to as sliding bearing materials. The commonly used sliding bearing materials are bearing alloys (also known as babbitt or white alloy) and wear-resistant cast iron. , copper-based and aluminum-based alloys, powder metallurgy materials, plastics, rubber, hardwood and carbon-graphite; polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon, PTFE), modified polyoxymethylene (POM), etc. /*250*250 was created on 2017/12/25*/ var cpro_id = 'u3171089';
Sliding bearing applications are usually under low-speed heavy-duty conditions; perhaps it is a difficult part of protection and protection of smooth oil.
The principle can be divided according to the working principle of the bearing: rolling conflict bearing (rolling bearing) and sliding conflict bearing (sliding bearing).
Sliding bearing: If the outer surface of the sliding bearing can form a smooth film to separate the outer side of the moving pair; the sliding conflict force can be greatly reduced; because the outer surface of the moving pair is not directly touched; thus the wear is avoided. The bearing capacity of the sliding bearing is large; High precision; smooth film has anti-impact effect; thus; has been widely used in engineering.
The composition of the smooth film is the basic condition for the normal operation of the sliding bearing; the elements affecting the smooth film have a smooth method, the relative motion speed of the motion pair, the physical properties of the smoothing agent, and the roughness of the outer surface of the moving pair. The drawing of the sliding bearing should be based on Bearing operating conditions; determine the type of bearing layout, select smoothing agent and smooth method and determine the parameters of the bearing.
There are many varieties of classified sliding bearings.
1 According to the direction of the load can be divided into radial (central) sliding bearings and thrust (axial) sliding bearings.
2 according to the smoothing agent varieties can be divided into oil smooth bearings, grease smooth bearings, water smooth bearings, gas bearings, solid smooth bearings, magnetic fluid bearings and electromagnetic bearings.
3 according to the smooth film thickness can be divided into two types: thin film smooth bearing and thick film smooth bearing.
4 according to the bearing material can be divided into bronze bearings, cast iron bearings, plastic bearings, gemstone bearings, powder metallurgy bearings, self-smooth bearings and oil bearings.
5 according to the bearing tile layout can be divided into round bearings, elliptical bearings, three oil leaf bearings, step surface bearings, tilting pad bearings and foil bearings.
There are many varieties of layout sliding bearings.
1 According to the direction of the load can be divided into radial (central) sliding bearings and thrust (axial) sliding bearings.
2 according to the smoothing agent varieties can be divided into oil smooth bearings, grease smooth bearings, water smooth bearings, gas bearings, solid smooth bearings, magnetic fluid bearings and electromagnetic bearings.
3 according to the smooth film thickness can be divided into two types: thin film smooth bearing and thick film smooth bearing.
4 according to the bearing material can be divided into bronze bearings, cast iron bearings, plastic bearings, gemstone bearings, powder metallurgy bearings, self-smooth bearings and oil bearings.
5 according to the bearing tile layout can be divided into round bearings, elliptical bearings, three oil leaf bearings, step surface bearings, tilting pad bearings and foil bearings.
Materials. Metal materials; such as bearing alloys, bronze, aluminum-based alloys, zinc-based alloys, etc.
Porous metal materials (powder metallurgical materials),
Non-metallic materials.
In the meantime:
Bearing alloy: bearing alloy is also called white alloy; the first is alloy of tin, lead, antimony or other metals; because of its good wear resistance, high plasticity, good running function, good thermal conductivity and good resistance to glue and oil The adsorption is good; therefore, it is suitable for heavy load and high speed conditions; the strength of the bearing alloy is better than that of the é„¹çª çžŽèž… 褂 褂 匦虢 匦虢 匦虢 . . . . . . . . 蛑 蛑 蛑 . . . . è€ è€ è€ è€ è€ è€ è€
Porous metal material: porous metal is a powder material; it has a porous arrangement; if it is immersed in a smooth oil; the micropores are filled with smooth oil; it becomes an oil bearing; it has a self-smoothing function. The patience of the material. Huang Shi 谄 谄 谄 鹊 鹊 蕹寤髟 蕹寤髟 蕹寤髟 爸 爸 爸 爸 爸 爸 爸 爸 爸 爸 爸
Bearing plastic: commonly used bearing plastics are phenolic plastic, nylon, PTFE, etc.; plastic bearings have greater compressive strength and wear resistance; can be smooth with oil and water; also have self-smooth function; but poor thermal conductivity.
The faulty sliding bearing is in conflict with the touch of the journal and the bearing bush during operation; it causes external heat and wear and even “biteâ€; therefore, when drawing the bearing; the bearing material should be made of sliding bearing material with good friction reducing property; Smoothing agent and choose the appropriate supply method; improve the layout of the bearing to achieve thick film smoothing.
Corrugated surface corrosion: Spectral analysis found that the concentration of non-ferrous metal elements is abnormal. The sub-micron-scale wear particles of many non-ferrous metal components are present in the iron spectrum, and the smooth oil moisture overruns and acid value overruns.
Corrosion of the outer surface of the journal: Spectral analysis found that the concentration of iron is abnormal; there are many submicron particles of iron in the iron spectrum; smooth oil moisture overrun or acid value overrun.
, the external appearance of the journal: there are iron-based cutting abrasive black oxide particles in the iron spectrum; the metal appearance has tempering color.
, fretting wear on the tile back: spectral analysis found that the iron concentration is abnormal; there are many iron sub-micron wear particles in the iron spectrum; smooth oil moisture and acid value are abnormal.
, bearing external strain: found in the iron spectrum cutting abrasive; abrasive particles are non-ferrous metals.
The tile surface is dropped: many large-scale exhausted alloy wear particles and layered abrasive grains are found in the iron spectrum.
Bearing burnt tile: There are many large-scale alloy abrasive grains and black metal oxides in the iron spectrum.
The primary equipment part of the characteristic sliding bearing is the bearing bush; most of the large-scale turning equipment of the power plant is used for sliding bearings; under normal conditions, the bearing bush is made of babbitt; therefore, the softening point and melting point of the bearing bush are relatively low. The touch area with the shaft is also very large; it can carry relatively heavy loads, the shock absorption function is also very good, and it can accept a large impact load; if the smooth oil is stored in the lower part of the bearing bush, it needs to have oily damage. To ensure the composition of the tile oil film. Under normal conditions, the temperature of the regular rolling bearing can not exceed 80 ° C; and the sliding bearing is lower; the temperature can not exceed 70 ° C.
Delineation of the matter of concern Sliding bearings are touched by the surface; therefore, the oil film must be adhered to between the touch surfaces; therefore, the following issues should be emphasized when drawing:
To make the oil film smoothly enter the conflict appearance.
Oil should enter the bearing from the non-bearing surface area.
Do not open the full ring oil groove in the middle of the bearing.
Such as oil tiles; seams open oil grooves.
To make the oil ring strong and reliable.
Do not block the fuel hole.
Do not constitute an oil inactive area.
Avoid sharp edges and sharp edges that block the oil film.
Hazardous methods Sliding bearings used on the launching machine are usually divided into two types: one is a lining type thin-walled bearing; the shaped like a tile is commonly called a bearing bush, and the other is a bushing; also known as a copper bush; the shape is a hollow cylinder. The tile-type thin-walled bearing is mainly used to support the crankshaft and connecting rod of the initiator. The bushing is mainly used to support the camshaft journal and the piston pin. Below we know firstly, the lining type thin-wall bearing (bearing) is damaged early. Ways and ways to avoid it.
The way of early damage is in the normal operation process; because it gradually wears until the final operation is lost, and the service life is completed; this natural damage is difficult to avoid. However, if the equipment is not properly adjusted due to the startup equipment, the quality of the smooth oil is not good. Or the use of harsh conditions and other factors cause the bearing to wear prematurely or present various damages; it is the early damage caused by man-made. Early damage not only greatly reduces the service life of the bearing; it also affects the normal operation of the initiator.
According to the long-term experience of diesel engine repair, the common methods of early damage of sliding bearings are mechanical damage, bearing cavitation, fatigue pitting, corrosion and so on.
Mechanical damage The mechanical damage of the sliding bearing means that the alloy surface of the bearing bush exhibits a different degree of groove mark; in case of severe metal peeling on the touch surface and a large area of ​​messy scratching, under normal conditions; the touch surface damage and the ablation appearance exist together The primary cause of the mechanical damage of the bearing is that the bearing surface is difficult to form an oil film or the oil film is severely damaged.
The repeated effect of the bearing cavitation sliding bearing in the cylinder pressure impact load; the outer surface layer plastic deformation and cold work hardening; some loss deformation and deformation; gradually forming the pattern and expanding; then followed by the falling of the grinding debris; The surface layer constitutes a hole. Usually when the bearing bush is cavitation; the pit is firstly formed; then the pit is gradually enlarged and the interface of the alloy layer is cracked; the crack expands along the parallel direction of the interface; until the drop stops. The sliding bearing cavitation The primary reason is that the cross-section of the oil-slot and oil hole and other layout elements suddenly change, causing the oil flow to be violently imbalanced; the bubble is formed in the vacuum zone where the oil is lost; then the pressure rises; the bubble collapses and the cavitation erosion. Usually occurs in the high load zone of the bearing; such as the lower bearing of the main bearing of the crankshaft.
Weary pitting bearing fatigue pitting refers to; because the initiator overload operation; the bearing operation overheating and bearing clearance is too large; the formation of the middle of the bearing fatigue damage, fatigue pitting may be tired and fall. This damage is mostly due to overload, bearing The gap is too large; perhaps the smooth oil is unsanitary and the inside is mixed with foreign matter. Therefore, the application should focus on avoiding overloading of the bearing. Do not operate at too low or too high a speed. When idling, adjust the initiator to a stable condition. Ensure normal bearing clearance; avoid excessive or low engine speed, check and adjust the operating conditions of the cooling system; ensure that the operating temperature of the initiator is suitable.
Bearing alloy corrosion bearing alloy corrosion is usually a smooth oil impure; chemical impurities (acid oxides, etc.) in the smooth oil oxidize the bearing alloy to produce acidic substances; cause the bearing alloy to fall somewhat; constitute irregular small Cracks or small pits. The primary cause of corrosion of bearing alloys is that the smooth oil is not properly selected, and the bearing material has poor corrosion resistance; perhaps the machine is rough and the temperature is too high.
There is a small convex metal surface between the bearing burning fuse neck and the bearing conflicting pair; the composition is somewhat high temperature; in the case of lack of smoothness and poor cooling; the bearing alloy is black or some is melted. This problem is often The combination of the journal and the bearing is too tight, and the lack of smooth oil pressure also makes the bearing burned.
Bearing the outer circle bearing to the outer circle is the bearing has a relative transformation in the seat hole. After the bearing goes outside the circle; not only affects the heat dissipation of the bearing; simply causes the alloy inside and outside the bearing to ablate; and also causes the bearing to be damaged on the reverse side; The primary reason is that the bearing is too short, the crown is damaged, the processing may not meet the standard.
Avoiding the early damage of sliding bearings is much more common than bearing incineration; therefore, it is important to avoid the early damage of sliding bearings. The correct protection of sliding bearings is an effective way to reduce the early damage of bearings; it is also the firm guarantee of the extended bearing life. Therefore; In the normal protection and repair of the machine; it is necessary to pay attention to the appearance of the alloy's appearance, the reverse side, the end and the marginal edge of the bearing; if there is an abnormal display of the half-wearing omen; it is necessary to carefully identify the cause; and adopt the corresponding method; Improve the working conditions of the bearing; pay attention to the early damage to the sliding bearing.
Improve bearing depiction and manufacturing process depiction or selection of bearings; consider the thermal balance of the bearing to control the temperature rise. Because the bearing works in conflict conditions; because of the internal conflict (viscosity) of the smooth oil liquid to constitute power consumption; after conversion into heat Involving the temperature rise of the bearing; the viscosity of the smooth oil is reduced, the gap is changed; the Babbitt alloy of the bearing is softened; the "burning of the shaft" is severe when it is severe. Therefore, in the layout drawing; the upper bearing of the bearing (non-bearing area) The top is opened into the oil hole; the smooth oil is introduced from the non-load bearing zone, and the oil groove is opened in the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction with the oil inlet hole in the inner and outer surfaces of the bearing bush; the smooth oil is evenly distributed on the journal to control the temperature rise. The working condition; the bearing material needs to have the following functions: conflict coefficient. Bad both the blade turmoil and the squatting stool. The ridiculous 20. The mellow oyster mushroom Han Xia 芰 浚 浚 浚 愎 愎 慷 慷 慷 慷 慷 涂 涂Therefore, the bearing material of the bearing can be made of Babbitt. Babbitt alloy can work well under stable load; but cavitation is easy to occur under unsteady load; so it is not suitable for high-power initiator. alloy Low-tin lead-based alloys have higher strength and hardness; they are more resistant to fatigue and cavitation; they are better used in high-powered initiators. In recent years, foreign countries have used sputtering methods using physical vapor deposition. Copper-lead bearing external nickel plated with 20% tin alloy coated with pure tin may be plated with pure tin; the effect is very good. In addition; the full round oil groove bearing bush is changed to semi-circular oil groove or some oil groove bearing bush; this can not only improve the sliding bearing of the launching machine Smooth condition; and can also improve its carrying ability.
The repair of the improved bearing and the quality of the equipment improve the quality of the hinge of the bearing; ensure that the reverse side of the bearing is smooth and mottled; the positioning bump is intact, and the amount of spring opening is 0. 5-1. 5mm; this ensures that the rear bearing of the device relies on its own elasticity It fits tightly with the bearing housing hole. Each end of the upper and lower bearing bushes installed in the bearing housing should be 30-501μm higher than the bearing seat plane. The high output can ensure the tightness of the bearing and the bearing seat after tightening the bearing cap bolt according to the regular torque. Cooperation; self-locking force of conflict satisfaction; bearing is not loose; heat dissipation effect is good; avoid bearing ablation and wear, bearing working surface can not be measured by scraping method to reach 75%-85% touch impression; should not be scraped At the same time, the cooperation gap between the bearing and the journal reaches the demand. In addition, the equipment should pay attention to the processing quality of the crankshaft journal and the bearing; strictly implement the repairing process standard; avoid the improper assembly and the bearing bolt due to the improper loading method. Uneven torque or non-compliance with the rules; then the occurrence of tortuous deformation and stress gathering; inducing early bearing damage.
Reasonable selection and filling of smooth oil should use smooth oil with small oil film surface tension during the application process; the impact of oil flow will be reduced when the bubble formed is reduced.ã–鹊 æ«è±¢ æ«è±¢ åº é»¾ åº é»¾ åº é»¾ åº é»¾ åº é»¾ ç° ç° ç° ç° ç° é˜†é¢ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wei ç•šé”– ç•šé”– ç•šé”– 耄 耄 北 北 北 北 北 北 北 北 北 北 北 æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡ æ³¨é‡. , not the same viscosity grade and different types of smooth oil to stop mixing; the deposition time before smooth oil filling is usually not less than 48h.
When properly protecting and protecting the bearing of the protection equipment; the surface of the shaft and the bearing should be coated with the regular brand of sanitary oil. After the bearing is installed, the fuel switch should be closed before the initial start; After a few times of idling; when the engine oil pressure gauge is displayed, turn it on again, turn the fuel switch on; turn the throttle to the low speed position; start the machine to conduct the operation investigation. The idle speed can not exceed 5 minutes. Do the new machine and overhaul. After the start-up period of the grinding machine, the grinding cooperation period; during the running-in period, the long-term load is suddenly reduced and the operation is high, and the machine is started after the full-load operation for a long time; it cannot be stopped immediately; it is necessary to let the initiator idle. After 15 minutes of low speed operation, it will stop dry; otherwise the internal heat will not be able to dissipate. Strengthen the sanitation and protection of the oil filter and crankcase ventilation equipment; replace the filter element in time according to the requirements of the manual to ensure the normal operation of the engine cooling system; The normal temperature of the machine; avoid the "opening" of the radiator; prohibit the driving without adding cooling water, use the fuel correctly; precisely adjust the valve phase and incinerate Timing, etc.; avoid the abnormal burning of the initiator, and timely check and adjust the crankshaft and bearing skills.
The basic requirements of the equipment program are to make the journal and the sliding bearing evenly and finely touched; there must be a certain cooperation gap.
The touch angle refers to the central angle of the journal and the sliding surface of the sliding bearing. The touch angle is not too large or too small. The touch angle is too small, which will increase the pressure of the sliding bearing; when severe, the sliding bearing will have a large deformation. Accelerate wear and tear; shorten the service life, the touch angle is too large; it will affect the composition of the oil film;
The experimental study indicates that the limit of the sliding bearing touch angle is 120°. When the sliding bearing wears to this touch angle; the liquid is smooth and damaged. Therefore, the sliding shaft is not affected by the pressure condition; the smaller the touch angle, the better. Theoretical analysis from the conflicting force distance; when the touch angle is 60°; the conflicting moment is the most. The sliding bearing of the ㄒ椋 ㄒ椋 ㄒ椋 俑哂 500r/min; the touch angle is 60°; the sliding bearing with the speed lower than 500r/min The touch angle can be selected from 90°; it can also be used at 60°.
The practical touch condition of the touch point journal and the outer surface of the sliding bearing; the number of practical touch points per unit area can be used to indicate that the more touch points are, the thinner and more uniform; the better the sliding bearing is scraped; the opposite is the sliding bearing The scratching is not good. Generally speaking, the finer the touch point, the more difficult it is to scrape. The touch point should be determined according to the function and working condition of the sliding bearing in production; the materials listed in the table below are for reference: Speed.r/min) Touch point. Number of touch points on the area of ​​25 × 25 mm) 100 or less 3~5 100~500 10~15 500~1000 15~20 1000~2000 20~25 2000 or more 25 or more I and II The precision of the machine can be selected from the above table data; the class III precision machine can be folded in half according to the above table data.
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Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2013-10-17