A comparison test was conducted on the transparency, discoloration, and processing properties of alcohols (glycerol and PEG-4OOO) and urea-based amine faecal active agents. The results show that PEG. 4000 ingredients are convenient. It is easy to disperse during mixing, the physical properties of the vulcanization chamber are the best, and the degree of discoloration is in the middle. It is the best white carbon black active agent; the urea active agent is the most instantaneous, the light color is the lightest, and the dosage can be reduced with PEG 4000; the activation performance of glycerin is good, but the batching error is large, and the process performance is unstable - amine The active agent is the most discolored. The activation performance is not good, so the two should not be used. The organic active agents of silica are mainly alcohols, amines, ureas, etc., which play an important role in improving the processing properties of the rubber and the physical properties of the vulcanizate. The correct and reasonable selection of the white carbon black active agent can achieve the desired physical properties of the rubber compound. Thereby reducing production costs and creating economic benefits. This work carried out a comparative test of glycerol (alcohol), PEG-4000 (alcohol), urea and amine active agent in silica. This diameter of this series glass bead is two or three times bigger than regular beads. The surface part beyond paints is higher than regular beads; hence the reflectivity of road marking has been increased, especially in rainy, foggy areas.
The glass bead can be produced based on the standard of countries or areas, such as EN1423/1424, AASHTO M247, BS6088, JIS R3301 and KS L2521 etc.
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1 experiment
1.1 Raw materials
BR, Sinopec Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd.; sulfur, Guilin sulfur yellow powder factory products; accelerator M and DM, Lanzhou Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; accelerator H, Xishan Huayao rubber additive factory products; zinc carbonate, Shanghai Jinghua Chemical plant products; stearic acid, Hunan Mayang Hongfa Oil Co., Ltd. products; white mineral oil, Maoming refinery products; white carbon black, Guangxi Guigang Dawei Chemical Co., Ltd. products; glycerin, Guilin daily chemical plant products; PEG A 4000, Jiangsu Wuxi Hengheng White Carbon Black Co., Ltd. products; urea and amine active agents, Laimiao (Qingdao) Chemical Co., Ltd. products.
1.2 basic formula
BR 100; sulfur yellow 2; accelerator M 0.5; accelerator DM 1.5; accelerator H 1.5; zinc carbonate 2.5; stearic acid 0.5; white mineral oil lO; white carbon black 45; Active agent 3.
1.3 Test equipment and instruments
152.4 mm open mill; GK-III vulcanizer; German pendulum puller.
1.4 basic process
1.4.1 Mixing process
10 parts of the basic formula were mixed and mixed with a 152.4 mn open mill. Specific steps are as follows:
(1) The raw rubber is mixed with the accelerator H, and the powder is thinned 6 times (rolling distance 0.5 mm);
(2) Cooling water on the starter table, adjust the roller distance to 5 mm, and mix the medium material evenly;
(3) Add white hair black and white mineral oil and mix well;
(4) Take the rubber compound twice as much as the basic formula. Adding glycerin, PEG-4000, urea and amine active agents respectively;
(5) Adding sulfur separately, thinning 6 times and then taking out the film.
1.4.2 vulcanization process
After the rubber compound was parked, the sample was vulcanized according to the tensile tester, and the thickness of the sample was 2 mm. The vulcanization temperature is 150 ° C. The vulcanization times were 5, 10 and 20 min, respectively.
1.5 performance test
The properties of the compound are determined according to the corresponding national standards.
2 results and discussion
2,1 transparency and discoloration
(1) Transparency
The longer the mold is vulcanized, the longer it is transparent. The visual results of the vulcanized samples show that the order of transparency of the samples in the same vulcanization time is urea, amine, glycerin and PEG-4000, wherein the urea active agent is the most transparent.
(2) Discoloration
The longer the sample vulcanization time, the greater the discoloration. The visual results of the vulcanized sample showed that the degree of discoloration of the sample in the same vulcanization time was urea, PEG-4000, glycerin and amine.
2.2 processing performance
Glycerin is a liquid substance, which is added later, which is difficult to operate, easy to be contaminated, and the rubber is soft and easy to wrap. PEG-4000 is a solid substance, which is added later. The rubber compound is easy to wrap the roll, and the compounding agent is evenly mixed, and the rubber compound is soft and lubricious. The urea active agent is in the form of powder, which is easy to eat powder, but it is difficult to disperse and roll off, and the rubber compound is hard and has a small white spot. The amine active agent is powdery, easy to eat powder, easy to disperse, but the roll is removed, and the surface of the rubber material is smooth and slightly hard.
2.3 vulcanization characteristics and physical properties
The vulcanization characteristics and physical properties of the rubber compound are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that the glycerin and PEG-4000 compounds have a long scorch time and are safe to operate; the urea and amine active agent compounds have a short scorch time and there is a risk of scorch in operation (test proof, mixing) The rubber on the 2nd day has been severely sulphur. The hardness of urea and amine active agents is larger than that of glycerin and PEG-4000, indicating that the softening amount of the compound containing urea and amine active agent is insufficient; and the rubber and PEG-4000 compound stretching Both the strength and the elongation at break were higher, indicating that they had the best activation effect on silica; in contrast, PEG-4000 had the least permanent deformation and showed the best vulcanization effect.
3 conclusions
The active agent PEG-4000 is a solid substance with convenient ingredients and easy to disperse during mixing. The vulcanized rubber has the best physical properties and the degree of discoloration is moderate. It can be considered as the best white carbon black active agent. Urea active agent is the most transparent, the lightest color, but the vulcanization starts quickly, it is difficult to master. It can be used in combination with PEG-4000. The activation performance of glycerin is good. Because it is liquid, the batching error is large, it is easy to be polluted, and the process performance is unstable, so it is not suitable for use. Amine active agents have serious discoloration and poor activation properties, so they are not suitable for use.
The diameter is 850-1400mm (20-14mesh) with ≥80% of roundness. The special coating on the surface of glass bead can improve the adhesion between paint and glass beads, thus the longevity can be increased.
