Teach you how to avoid lightning indoors and outdoors

The first thing to note is that the term “lightning protection” is wrong in modern lightning protection technology and is a misunderstanding. At least under modern science and technology, it cannot really avoid lightning. Although scientists can change the formation time of lightning and lightning strike points through lasers, rockets, etc., they are currently limited to scientific research and cannot be widely used.

The cause of lightning

Lightning and charged cumulonimbus clouds, when the positive and negative charges accumulate in different parts of the same cloud or in different clouds, due to different charges accumulated in different parts of the same thunderstorm or between different clouds, or The polarity is different, and the atmospheric electric field is generated. When the atmospheric electric field strength can reach the breakdown of the air, a strong discharge phenomenon will occur, and lightning will happen. At this time, the lightning is called cloud flash or cloud lightning.

When the charged cloud layer moves close to the ground or a building, due to electrostatic induction, the opposite surface charge is generated on the surface of the ground or the building. With the increase of the amount of charge or the distance between clouds/buildings, the charged cloud layer and the ground or building When the electric field strength can break through the insulation strength of the air, it starts discharging instantaneously, and lightning (cloud lightning) also occurs.

First, outdoor lightning protection

1. Go out in case of thunderstorms, you can squat, try to reduce their height, while feet close together, reduce the harm caused by step voltage. Because the lightning strikes the ground, it gradually releases energy along the surface. At this time, the potential difference between the front foot and the back foot of the walking person may generate a certain voltage between the two steps.

2. Do not touch or near objects such as lightning protection grounding wires, water pipes, electrical grounding wires, or tree trunks that may be energized by lightning strikes to prevent contact voltage or lightning strikes and side-by-side flashes.

3. During thunderstorms and heavy rains, it is best not to answer and call mobile phones in the open air because the mobile phone's electrical siphoning will also lead to thunder.

4. In the event of thunderstorms and rainy weather, it is best to wear rubber shoes, which can provide insulation.

5. Do not shelter under big trees. Because it is raining, the wet branches of a big tree are equivalent to a lightning protection device. If you use a large tree with your hands, it feels like you touch the lightning rod with your hands. Therefore, it is best to be 5 meters away from the big tree when thundering.

6. Don't stay at the water's edge (river, river, lake, sea, pond, canal, etc.) when it rains. Stop at the nearby dry shelter. You can't find the house in the mountainous area. You can go to the rocks or the cave. Avoid rain.

7. Do not hold metal objects in thunderstorms because metal objects are electrically conductive and thunderstorms can sometimes act as a lightning strike. The metal items that you carry with you should be temporarily placed 5 meters away, and wait until the thunderbolt stops and pick them up again.

Lightning protection measures

For lightning hazards, lightning protection measures are divided into external lightning protection measures and internal lightning protection measures.

External lightning protection measures include the installation of lightning receptors (such as lightning rods, lightning protection strips, lightning protection nets, etc.), deflectors, and grounding devices. The air-termination device is used to intercept lightning, to avoid direct lightning strikes on the object to be protected; the grounding device is used to divulge the lightning current to the ground and has a grounding resistance requirement; the down conductor is used to connect the air-termination device and the grounding device.

Internal lightning protection measures include: shielding, reasonable wiring, installation of arrester (SPD), equipotential bonding, and grounding. Shielding and reasonable wiring can reduce the influence of electrostatic induction and electromagnetic induction on lines and devices; installation of lightning arresters can limit the surge voltage on the lines and guide the lightning current; equipotential bonding can prevent counterattacks between adjacent metal objects and lines. Grounding is an important guarantee for shielding and arresters to work.

Second, indoor lightning protection

1. When thundering, the first thing to do is to close the doors and windows to prevent the thunder and lightning from directly hitting the room and the spherical thunder into the room.

2. In case of thunderstorms, stay away from the metal pipes and the pipes connected to the roof.

3. Do not pull the wire that is used for drying clothes, etc., to the windows or the doorway to prevent the wire from causing lightning.

4. Do not shelter in the pavilions, sheds, and houses for long periods of time. Pay attention to avoiding electric wires. Do not stand under the lamp. It is better to cut off electricity or not use electric appliances.

5. When there is a thunderstorm, try not to make and receive calls, or use a telephone to access the Internet. Unplug the power cables, telephone lines, and TV feeders from the metal wires that may be introduced by lightning. A scientifically sound approach is to install a lightning arrester on the power line, install a telephone lightning arrester on the telephone line, install the antenna in the sky, feed the line, feed the lightning arrester, and ground it. Keep the house dry. When the house leaks, it should be repaired in time.

6. The insulator iron foot of the incoming power cord should be grounded, and the three-phase socket should be connected to the ground wire.

Third, how do you avoid danger when your home is flooded?

This situation is generally aimed at residents who are too late to transfer in the low-lying areas of the floodplain. Their houses are often vulnerable to flooding or siege.

If this is the case, usually effective methods are:

One is to arrange for family members to transfer to the roof, and try to comfort and stabilize their emotions;

The second is to find ways to issue a cry for help and get in touch with the outside world as soon as possible in order to get timely assistance;

The third is to use bamboo and other floating objects to escort family members to drift to nearby tall buildings or safer places.

â–  Warning Water Level: During the flood season, rivers and rivers flood the floodplain, and the embankment water reaches a certain depth. There may be dangerous situations in the embankment or flood control works, and the water level to be alert should be watched. When it reaches this level, it begins to enter the state of flood prevention. It is necessary to pay close attention to the development of the water conditions, conditions, and dangers.

â–  How to carry out surge protection: The principle of handling surges should be to stop the inundation of sand, leaving a water out of the way.

â–  The flood season refers to the period during which seasonal water levels rise due to seasonal precipitation, melting ice, and snow in river basins.

â–  The flood season, flood season, and flood prevention: The flood season that is prone to disasters is often referred to as flood season.

â–  The difference between flood and flood disasters is that the flood disaster is caused by excessive local precipitation, and the flood disaster is caused by the entry of passenger and water.

How to escape in the flood?

Those inhabited in submerged areas with a water depth of 0.7m or more and 2m or where the flow rate of flood water is difficult to live in them should take refuge measures in time. As refuge is mainly large-scale and organized evacuation, pay attention to:

First, let the evacuation route become a household name and let every evacuee figure out where the floodwaters flooded and flooded in order to choose the best route and avoid the "passing from person to flood".

Second, we must understand the road signs. In those areas where floods are frequent, the government has built refuge roads. In general, this road should be a one-way street to reduce traffic congestion and congestion.

Third, we must keep calm. Mastering "disaster psychology" is actually a kind of knowledge.