Scientists finally created a mysterious particle called Shankar Sigmiko, which has been proposed by theory for the first time in more than 40 years. Moreover, scientists in this process may also have simulated a rare "spherical lightning" phenomenon - at a quantum scale. The researchers said that this discovery will not only help explain the mysterious natural phenomenon of spherical currents in the storm, but also pave the way for a more stable plasma in nuclear fusion reactors.

The new study was done by scientists from Amherst College in the United States and the Aalto University in Finland. The research team synthesized a three-dimensional sigmite in a cryogenic quantum-state gas. This three-dimensional particle consists of a kink formed by the spin-field of a Bose-Einstein condensate (a gaseous, superfluid matter state that the boson atom exhibits when cooled to near absolute zero).

The researchers said that this peculiar topology may have some features in common with ball lightning. "In essence, using only two reverse-cycle currents to create a synthetic electromagnetic kink, that is, Quantum Ball Lightning, is incredible," said Mikko Mttnen, head of research at Aalto University. "Therefore, natural ball lightning It may form in ordinary lightning."

To generate sigma, the researchers polarize the spin of each atom, deflecting it upwards along a natural magnetic field. Then, the magnetic field suddenly changes, causing the magnetic field in the middle of condensation to “disappear”, and then the spin of the atom begins to rotate in a new direction. However, as the magnetic field approaches all directions when it approaches absolute zero, the spin of the atom can create a kink structure that points in a fixed direction.

The researchers said that although the kink structure can relax or move, it cannot be unlocked. "The quantum gas is cooled to a very low temperature, forming a Bose-Einstein condensate, which means that all atoms in the gas eventually reach the minimum energy state," says David Hall of Amherst College. The state of the gas no longer behaves like a normal gas, but more like a huge atom."

"The reason why this is a sigmium child rather than a quantum kink is due not only to the twisting of the spin, but also to the repeated winding of condensed quantum states," Hall added. The researchers also stated that the kink structure produced by the atomic spins creates a kinked artificial magnetic field, which is consistent with the characteristics of spherical lightning. "We need more research to determine if we can use this method to create spherical lightning," Möttnen said. "Future research may find ways to keep the plasma together and make it stable. Nuclear fusion reactors are possible."

What is a ball lightning?

For centuries, there have been records of spherical lightning in thunderstorms, some of which are only the size of a golf ball and some have a diameter of several meters. The duration of the ball lightning varies from 1 second to tens of seconds. Many reports claim that such lightning can harm or even cause death or cause fire in buildings.

In a letter received by the British "Daily Mail" in 1936, a reader described him as seeing a "great, red fireball in the sky." "It hit our house, cut off the telephone line, burned the window, and then fell into a large bucket of water underneath it," wrote the letter. Researchers at Zhejiang University proposed that the bright flash of a ball lightning is due to the fact that microwaves are confined to plasma cavitation.

"At the end of the lightning strike to the ground, a relativistic beam of electrons is generated, stimulating intense microwave radiation," the researchers wrote in a paper published in the journal "Science Report". "The latter will cause local air ionization. , and the radiation pressure evacuates the generated plasma, forming a spherical plasma bubble that stably captures radiation.”

The microwaves trapped inside the vacuole continue to generate plasma for a period of time and maintain a bright flash of light that appears during a spherical lightning. As the radiation in the cavitation bubble begins to dissipate, the fireball gradually disappears, and when the microwave leaks, the spherical lightning may explode violently.

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