Flowering and fruit management

The flowering period is from the initial flowering period to the final flowering period. After pollination and fertilization, the ovary expands and develops into young fruit, which is called “south fruit”.

After 2 to 3 days after the flowering of the grapes, the physiological fruit drop period begins. From the expansion of the ovary to the berry growth period before the berry coloring.

In the pre-flowering period, in order to adapt to the adjustment of the tree body, the ear-shaping, the flower-preserving and fruit-retaining requirements, the flower before the flower inflorescence: a new shoot of the Zhongyong new shoot leaves 1 inflorescence, should be carried out as soon as possible.

When the quality of the ear can be seen from the flowering period to the flowering, the weak ear, the secondary ear, the shoulder and the dysplastic ear in the double ear are removed, and the number of remaining panicles is determined by the yield per unit area (mu yield), 2000 to 3000 ears per mu. . The flowering period focuses on the preservation of flowers and fruits. The berry growth period is mainly based on the principle that the fruit is stably expanded.

Phenological period: flowering period (flowering fruiting period ~ sugar increasing coloring period) (early from early May to late August)

Key to cultivation management: promote fruit set and fruit swell, control vegetative growth and promote fruit growth, quality formation and fruiting

Management technology:

1. Applying fertilizer water before flowering 10 days before flowering;

2. Fix the ear 7 to 3 days before flowering, go to the shoulders, sparse spikelets, show small spikes, and leave 13 spikelets per ear.

Pest Control: Use bifenthrin, or chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate, fenvalerate, beta-cypermethrin to control green-spotted scorpion, thrips, scale insects (powder, oriental helmet, etc.) and leaf mites 7 to 5 days before flowering In the case of pests, it is possible to control the scale insects (Aphis gossypii, Oriental Helmets, etc.) with the addition of a vitamin salt or pymetrozine.

7 to 5 days before flowering, use Bordeaux mixture, detoxification, dexamethasone, keba, propidium zinc, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, metalaxyl, retinoid, essential and other control of gray mold, Downy mildew, cob brown blight, black pox.

Inflorescence separation period to initial flowering stage is a key period for disease control and promotion of pollination and fertilization. It is recommended to use thiram + boron, thiophanate + boron and pyrimethanil.

3. 3 days before the flower, the peaks of the vines are topped, and the fruit is good (such as the red earth grape).

4. Flowering assisted pollination and removal of tendrils;

5. Promote physiological fruit drop 3 days after flowering.

At the end of the physiological fruit drop, the size of the mung bean and the stability of the fruit set (10-15 days after flowering), the top dressing is timely, and the compound fertilizer is mainly used. The ternary compound fertilizer (or diammonium phosphate) is applied every 20 days for 15-30. Kg + potassium sulfate 10 ~ 30 kg, a total of 2 to 4 times. The fertilization method is the same as above, and the tree rows are alternately left and right.

Top dressing is very important. After Xiehua, spray 1~2 times 0.1%~0.3% urea+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to increase the fruit setting rate. 30 to 20 days before harvesting, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or water-soluble potassium sulfate was sprayed on the foliar surface for 2 to 3 times at intervals of 1 week to promote sugar-staining.

6. Thin fruit after 7 days of flowering, cutting the tip of the ear;

7. 10 days after flowering, pest control, expanded fruit and fertilizer.

The expanded fruit fertilizer should be thinly fertilized and applied in small water, which can ensure the stable expansion of the fruit and prevent cracking of the fruit.

After flowering, it is suitable to prevent black pox, downy mildew, gray mold, cob brown blight, powdery mildew, blight, brown spot and spider mites, hawk moth and other pests and diseases, carbendazim + imidacloprid can be used as a preventive agent. Or thiophanate-methyl + pyrethroid, etc., treatment with pyrimethanil, propamocarb or dimethomorph + imidacloprid.

8. After 20 to 40 days after flowering, thin fruit, handle ear, and bag.

It is forbidden to use drugs that can leave marks on the fruit surface after fruit setting, such as retort, mancozeb, dexamethasone, triadimefon, fuxing, Bordeaux mixture, etc.

Thinning fruit: Before bagging, carry out a comprehensive granulating of the remaining ears. According to the single ear 30-80, no more than 100, use the thinning fruit to trim the ear, remove the disease, insect fruit, deformed fruit, The non-nuclear fruit and the dense inner locust fruit, the ear of the sparse is required to maintain a moderate degree of tightness between the fruit pieces, and the size of the ear is basically the same.

Bag selection: Select the pure white grape special wood pulp coated paper bag with waterproof, insect proof and disease prevention effect produced by regular manufacturers. The specification is generally 380 mm × 280 mm, and the bottom has a water-permeable hole.

Reasonable pruning: After the physiological drop, you can start to prepare the bag. In order to prevent the sunburn of the fruit, it is necessary to properly retain the summer shoots and shoots, which can effectively prevent sunburn.

The method is to protect the grapes by the method of “impacting umbrellas” with the branches and leaves in the middle and late May of the year. The specific technique is to use the first or second leaf position above the flowering ears, and leave the method according to the “3-2-1” method. ~ 2 summer buds and vice-tips, which can be used as an "impact umbrella"; the remaining secondary tips are selected according to the amount of space branches and leaves, and 1 to 3 leaves are retained. After all, it refers to the secondary tip that is no longer kept more than 2 times.

After grape bagging, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation and management. In the whole growing season, in case of high temperature weather, the watering interval should be shortened, the number of watering should be increased, the humidity should be kept under the frame, the temperature under the frame should be reduced, and the occurrence of burns should be reduced. Spray the fungicide once every 10 to 15 days, focusing on grape downy mildew and grape powdery mildew. If it is rainy or rainy, increase the number of sprays and increase the concentration of the drug.

9. In the berry growing season, although the growth of new shoots is relatively slow, the growth of thickening is still going on, which is the key period for the formation of fruit quality and the formation of inflorescences in winter buds.

Fertilizer: Stop the soil fertilization 30 to 20 days before harvesting, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or water-soluble potassium sulfate 2 to 3 times on the foliar surface at intervals of 1 week.

Water: 30 to 20 days before harvesting to control irrigation, in order to increase sugar coloring.

Pest control: use Bordeaux mixture, mancozeb, detoxification, triadimefon, tebuconazole, flusilazole, dexamethasone, keba, propidium zinc, chlorothalonil, metalaxyl, retinoid , necessary to prevent gray mold, downy mildew, cob brown blight, black pox disease.

Plastic pruning: timely smashing tendrils, tied vines.

Note: It is not necessary to remove the good old leaves. The sugar-staining of the grapes is due to the accumulation of nutrients in the green leaves, which is not directly exposed to sunlight. Do not take off the bag before harvesting, and open the bag at the bottom of the bag 10 days before harvest. (good fruit)