Mushroom cultivation method

Shiitake mushroom is one of the more popular fungi. Its planting technology has been more than 800 years old. The earliest was the cut flower cultivation method of the Song Dynasty and spread to the whole country. Then the current cultivation technology of shiitake mushrooms has become more mature. The cut flower cultivation of shiitake mushrooms originated in China, and the current inoculum cultivation of Duanmu pure mycelium originated in Japan.

Mushroom cultivation method 1: temperature

In the wet state, the optimum temperature for germination of the spores is 22-26 °C.

The temperature of mycelial growth is in the range of 5-24 ° C, and the optimum temperature is 24-27 ° C. However, due to the protective effect of wood, in the alpine mountains with temperatures below -20 ° C or low altitudes above 40 ° C, Can survive safely, mycelium will not die.

Mushrooms are low-temperature and temperature-changing mushrooms. The shiitake mushroom primordium differentiates at 8-21 ° C and differentiates best at 10-12 ° C. The fruiting bodies develop in the range of 5-24 ° C, and 8-16 ° C is the most suitable. In the same range, in the appropriate range, the fruiting body develops slowly at lower temperature (10-12 °C), the stipe is short, the flesh is thick and the quality is good; at high temperature (above 20 °C), the fruiting body develops fast and the stipe is long. The flesh is thin and the quality is poor. Under constant temperature conditions, mushrooms do not form fruiting bodies.

Mushroom cultivation method 2: moisture

In sawdust medium, the optimum moisture content for mycelial growth is 60-70%; the suitable water content in mushroom wood is 32-40%, and the survival rate under 32% is not high, at 10%-15 Mycelial growth was extremely poor under % conditions. During the formation of fruiting bodies, the moisture content of mushroom wood is maintained at about 60%, and the air humidity is preferably 80-90%.

Mushroom cultivation method three: nutrition

Mushroom is a kind of wood rot fungus. The main nutrients are carbohydrates and nitrogenous compounds, as well as a small amount of inorganic salts and vitamins. The various nutrients in the mushroom wood and the medium can only be absorbed and utilized by the mushrooms when dissolved in water.

1 carbon source

Lentinus hyphae can utilize a wide range of carbon sources, including monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, with a sugar concentration of 1-5%.

2 nitrogen source

Lentinus hyphae can utilize organic nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen, and cannot utilize nitrate nitrogen and industrial nitrate nitrogen. In the vegetative growth stage of Lentinus edodes, the ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source is 25-40:1, and high concentration of nitrogen can inhibit the differentiation of shiitake mushroom primordium. Higher levels of carbon are required during the reproductive growth phase.

3 mineral elements

In addition to magnesium, sulfur, phosphorus and potassium, the simultaneous presence of iron, zinc and manganese promotes the growth of shiitake mushroom hyphae and complements each other. Calcium and boron inhibit the growth of shiitake mushroom hyphae.

4 vitamins

The growth of shiitake mushroom hyphae must absorb vitamin B1, and other vitamins are not needed. The concentration of vitamin B1 suitable for the growth of shiitake mushrooms is approximately 100 um per liter of medium. In the cultivation of segmental wood, the hyphae of shiitake mushrooms secrete various enzymes to decompose macromolecules such as lignin, cellulose and starch, and absorb carbon, nitrogen and mineral elements from the phloem and xylem of mushroom.

Mushroom cultivation method four: air

Mushrooms are aerobic fungi, and enough fresh air is one of the important environmental conditions to ensure the normal growth and development of mushrooms. The cultivation environment is too sturdy, and it is easy to produce deformed long-legged mushrooms and big-footed mushrooms.

Mushroom cultivation method five: light

Shiitake mushroom is a phototrophic fungus, and the diffuse light with suitable intensity is a necessary condition for the mushroom to complete the normal life history. However, hyphal growth does not require light. Studies have shown that blue light with a wavelength of 380-540 nm has an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth, but is most favorable for primordium formation. The differentiation and growth of the mushroom fruiting body requires light. No light can not form fruiting bodies, studies have shown that 40-7-lx light intensity is more suitable. The primordial mushroom has a tendency to grow in the dark, with a small cover, a long handle, a light color, a thin flesh and a poor quality.

Method for planting shiitake mushrooms: pH

The pH of the culture solution suitable for the growth of shiitake mushroom mycelium is 5-6. The pH value of 3.5-4.5 is suitable for the formation of the mushroom primordium and the development of fruiting bodies. During the process of wood decay, the pH value of the mushroom is continuously decreased, thereby promoting the formation of fruiting bodies.

In fact, the cultivation method of shiitake mushrooms is to pay attention to these six points, and it is possible to control the production quality and production effect of shiitake mushrooms.