Abstract In medicine, iron deficiency caused by malnutrition can lead to anemia; while the sharp increase in iron index suggests some inflammation in the human body. In view of this, blood iron content has become an important medical diagnostic indicator. Today, scientists at the University of Ulm in Germany use nano-diamonds to transmit...
In medicine, iron deficiency caused by malnutrition can lead to anemia; and a sharp increase in iron in the blood suggests some inflammation in the body. In view of this, blood iron content has become an important medical diagnostic indicator. Today, scientists at the University of Ulm in Germany use nanodiamond sensor technology to advance blood iron content detection technology to a higher level.

The project was co-chaired by Uldor University experimental physicist Fedor Jelezko, theoretical physicist Martin Plenio and chemical reagents Tanja Weil, and received funding support from the European Research Council for €10,300,000. The research results were published in the journal Nano Letters.

Tanja Weil said that iron in the human body exists in the form of a compound, and whether the iron content is normal or not is determined by measuring the content of free iron. Free iron is elemental iron and has certain toxicity. Therefore, the general blood test does not detect free iron ions in the blood due to technical limitations. The conventional detection method is based on a specific protein in the human body to determine the iron ion storage and distribution; ferritin is one of them, which contains more than 4,500 magnetic iron ions. Most of the tests use immunological techniques to estimate the iron content. In addition, the operator's personal operating standards are different. Sometimes, different iron content test results are generated, which brings misunderstanding and inconvenience to medical diagnosis.

Researchers at Ulm University have recently developed a new method for detecting ferritin, the nanodiamond sensor assay. The staff found that every ferritin atom can generate a magnetic field. However, due to the small number, there are only more than 4,500, and the generated magnetic field is very weak, which is difficult to detect by general technical means. This thorny problem has spawned a new problem: finding an effective sensor that detects the presence of very weak magnetic fields. In view of this, scientists have thought of artificial nano-diamonds. The nanodiamonds used in the experiment are not perfect diamonds that are colorless and transparent, but diamonds that contain lattice defects. These diamonds are optically active and can refract a certain color. Researchers have facilitated the use of the color center of nanodiamonds to observe the electron spin direction of the ferritin field and measure its size.


The figure shows a 100 micron diameter nanodiamond particle (microscopic display) used by Ulm University. Special lattice defects not only affect the color of diamond, but also an important core of magnetic field sensing technology.
In addition, the researchers used electrostatic interactions between diamond particles and ferritin to solve the problem of absorption of ferritin on the diamond surface.

"At present, theoretical modeling is very important to ensure that the measured ferritin data is consistent with the actual ferritin situation," Martin Plenio said. "This is important for demonstrating the establishment of nanodiamond sensor detection technology."

The next step in the research plan is to determine the specific amount of ferritin and the amount of iron ions in each protein.

Scientists at Ulm University commented that the technological breakthroughs in nano-diamond sensors in the biological and medical fields have led to new improvements in existing medical diagnostics. In the future, blood iron content detection technology will become more accurate than now, and medical diagnosis will be greatly improved. (Compiled from "Spinach and Nanodiamonds? Nanodiamond Biosensor for Detection of Iron-Level in Blood")

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