Comparison of Processing Technology between Yellow Feather Broiler and White Feather Broiler

The industry generally believes that white feather broiler has a high degree of large-scale farming, high slaughter processing rate, long industrial chain, and high industrialization and commercialization. The large-scale breeding of Huangyu broilers is low, the slaughter processing rate is low, the industrial chain is incomplete, and the degree of commercialization is not high. The reason, the author believes that the main reason is that there are huge differences in the processing technology of these two categories of broiler products, and people generally ignore this difference, thus causing the "yellow" and "white" mix and match, resulting in the Chinese native yellow feather broiler The industry is constantly being squeezed by the market for white feather broilers, and the development is uneven. To this end, this paper compares the development of processing techniques of yellow feather broilers and white feather broilers to teach industry experts and scholars and entrepreneurs.

Broken broiler concept

Broilers in European and American countries refer to a kind of poultry that is raised for the production of animal protein, relative to laying hens. Because most of these broiler feathers are white, they are called "white feather broiler" or "foreign chicken" after the introduction of China. The main characteristics of white feather broiler are: fast growth - the fastest can only be farmed for 35-63 days to be slaughtered; body weight - the maximum weight can reach more than 4 kg; the ratio of meat to material is low - the lowest to 1: 1.7, which is 1.7 A kilogram of feed can gain 1 kilogram of chicken. Therefore, white feather broilers have been called "fast large broilers" in the industry.

Since the 1980s, China has introduced “foreign chicken” and established a modern broiler production system. The main varieties are: Ai Bu Yi plus broiler (AA chicken), Avian, Anka red, Habad high-yield wide breast broiler, Di Gao, Red Bro, Ross-308, Hyporo-PN, Tatum Wait for more than a dozen varieties. The production performance of their commercial broiler chickens is as follows:

Source: China Agricultural Press, Guo Qinghong, editor of the Safety Production Manual for Pollution-free Broilers [1]

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However, China has a history of broiler farming for thousands of years. Most of the high-quality chickens in the area are yellow feathers, hence the name Huangyu broiler, referred to as “yellow chicken”. Researcher Chen Kuanwei of the Institute of Poultry Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences analyzed: "(Yellow feather broiler) actually contains yellow feathers, hemp feathers and feather color related to jute feathers; also includes yellow chicken, white chicken and black bones in colored feathers. Chicken, etc. It is a general term for the appearance of chickens in the form of long-term consumption habits in China, and the local chicken breeds as the standard. 1. In terms of meaning, the yellow feather broiler is a feather yellow or jute chicken. 2. Discussed by industry, including the yellow feather broiler, Maji, Qingzu Maji and Huangyu black chicken discussed in the industry, excluding silk feather black-bone chicken, hybrid white chicken, chaff chicken, etc. 3 Discussion in the traditional way of production refers to the introduction of chickens abroad, we often say Chinese chicken [2]."

The Chairman of the China Animal Husbandry Association Poultry Industry Association Wen Zhifen believes that the yellow feather broiler should also include the laying hens who have been eliminated after the egg production mission. At present, about 3 billion old hens are turned into meat for use in China each year. Wen Zhifen also subdivided Huangyu broiler into “fast large” (listed before 74 days old), “medium speed” (75-94 days old) and “high quality” (listed after 95 days old, the longest More than 240 days old) three types of broilers [3].

The "fast large" varieties of yellow feather broilers, such as Pudong chicken, Jiujinhuang, Jiangcun yellow chicken, etc., have significantly reduced the characteristics of white feather broilers. This type of broiler is not the mainstream product of yellow feather broilers. The author believes that although the large-scale yellow chicken belongs to the local cultivation variety, it is not “foreign chicken”, but according to its production performance characteristics, it should be attributed to Baiyu broiler. The yellow feather broiler is a representative chicken of Chinese high quality broiler chickens. It is believed that the yellow feather broiler should be evaluated in terms of bloodline, body weight, feeding style, growth rate, carcass quality, muscle taste and processing methods.

Source: Ma Wei, Deputy Secretary General of China Animal Husbandry Association [4]

Because of the huge difference in body weight and meat quality between yellow feather broilers and white feather broilers, there are also huge differences in the rough processing and deep processing of products. Without understanding and addressing this difference, we can study the different processing technologies of broiler products. The yellow feather broiler industry chain cannot be extended healthily and completely, and it is impossible to keep pace with white feather broilers and become one of the two pillars of the Chinese broiler industry. .