Hog are divided into three periods according to the stage of growth and development: the weight of 20-35 kg is called young pig. The function of the young pig body is not perfect, especially the function of the digestive system is small and sound, and the resistance is weak. It is necessary to strengthen the feeding management. 80-120Mm Calcium Carbide,Inorganic Salts Classification Calcium Carbide,Cac2 Calcium Carbide,Calcium Carbonate Powder shizuishan pengsheng chemical co.,ltd , http://www.szspschem.com
1. Nutritional needs of pigs
Hog are divided into three periods according to the stage of growth and development: the weight of 20-35 kg is called young pig. The function of the young pig body is imperfect, especially the function of the digestive system is small and sound, and the resistance is weak. It is necessary to strengthen the feeding management. The feed nutrition should be comprehensive. Each 1 kg of compound feed should contain 13. 389 MJ of digestion energy and the crude protein reaches 18 %. 35-60 kg body weight is called middle pig. The digestive system function of the middle pig is gradually improved, and the feed intake is increased. The digestion energy per l kg of feed can be reduced to 12-13 MJ, and the crude protein can be reduced to 15%-16%. 60-90 kg body weight is called fattening pig. The resistance and adaptability of fattening pigs are greatly enhanced. The digestion and absorption capacity of various feeds is very strong, and the growth is very fast. The average daily gain can reach 600-700 grams. The feed energy per kg of feed should be 12.6 megajoules. The protein is about 14%.
2, the diet of the pigs
The hog feed is made of high-quality concentrated or pre-mixed feed with the main energy and protein feed. The plough of the feed differs from the growth stage of the proportion of the broiler pigs and is fed according to the reference feed in the feeding standard.
If you nail high-quality green fodder, you can use the most to reduce the cost of feed. Note that in the early stage of fattening, the ratio of compound feed to green material is 1:0.3-0.5, and the later stage of fattening is 1:0.7-1. When feeding green feed, the feed of concentrate can be reduced, but it is not enough. The more the better. The green material should be beaten or chopped and mixed into the compound feed to feed the pig.
3, feeding methods
3.1 Straight fattening method
Straight line fattening method refers to the fattening method of feeding pigs with full-price feed according to the feeding standard of finishing pigs. This method can reduce maintenance consumption, save feed, shorten the fattening period, improve the utilization rate of the pens, and increase the economic benefits of raising pigs.
3.2 Front open limit feeding method
The pre-opening and rear-restricted feeding method is to use the high-energy highest protein feed before the 60-kilogram body weight, open feeding, and after 60 kg body weight, adopt the feeding method of reducing the feed energy and protein level, or limiting the daily eating scene. This feeding method has no significant effect on pig weight gain, but it can reduce fat deposition and increase pork quality. Applying this feeding method, if you use 60 kg of body weight to reduce feed energy and protein levels, you can't use high-fiber inferior feed. The digestion energy per kg of air-dried diet can't be lower than 2.6 MJ. If the energy protein level is not used. If the feeding method is reduced and the feed amount is reduced, the medium-limit food consumption is adopted, that is, 75% of the free-feeding content of the food is suitable.
4, feed modulation
4.1 properly crushed
Corn, sorghum, barley, wheat, rice and other cereals should be pulverized or compressed, and the fineness of the pulverization should be moderately pulverized with a particle diameter of 1.2 to 1.8 mm. When the feed contains more green roughage, the grain feed can be finer. When feeding pigs with barley and wheat, it is good to use a tableting machine to form a sheet. The green feed, root tubers, silage and melon feed can be chopped or beaten, mixed with the concentrate to feed the pigs, and the tank can be reduced. Loss, reduce chewing, reduce volume, increase feed intake, beets must be crushed when feeding people.
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4.2 raw and cooked
Corn, sorghum, barley, wheat and other grain feeds and their processing by-products bran are fed with good nutrient digestion, high feed conversion rate, and can save the cost of cooking pots, fuel and labor for cooking, so it is recommended to feed. All kinds of green fodder are easy to be crushed or beaten and fed, while potatoes, sweet potatoes and their slag are cooked and fed to significantly improve the utilization rate. Cakes such as bean cake, peanut cake, and cotton cakes containing harmful ingredients are firstly processed. Detoxify and then cook for feeding.
4.3 Feed water content
With good dry powder, less water, direct feeding pigs, save labor and trouble, good feeding effect, in order to facilitate the feeding of pigs, shorten the feeding time, avoid the house. For feed dust, the dry powder can be mixed with water at 1:0.5 or 1:1 to make a semi-powder or wet powder, and fed with a trough. Too much water in the feed is not conducive to the digestion and absorption of nutrients. However, to feed the pigs with the above diets, it is necessary to supply sufficient clean drinking water to the pigs.
5 feeding method
Hog should be kept in a trough, and should be kept at least 30 cm. In the piglet stage, it should be fed 3-4 times a day. In the middle pig and big pig stage, it should be fed 2-3 times a day if the feed contains More green material, dry roughage or badly flooded feed should be fed 3-4 times. The interval between feeding should be as follows: maintain a balanced, feeding time should be selected when the pig's appetite is strong.
6 scientific management of pigs
6.1 Reasonable group
The pigs should be grouped according to the hybrid combination, that is, the piglets of the offspring of the same hybridization method are divided into a group, and then the body weight and the body strength are grouped according to the body weight and the body weight. The pigs are divided into a group, and the pigs are generally divided into groups. To change again, this can reduce the group stress, improve the water armor, increase the uniformity of the pigs, and facilitate the implementation of the all-in, all-out system.
6.2 training
When the piglets are newly grouped, they should be tempered in time to develop the habit of three-point positioning for defecation, sleeping, and feeding (drinking). This will reduce the labor intensity and keep the housing clean.
Pigs like to sleep, about 60% of the time to lie down or sleep. Pigs generally like to sleep on high-altitude planks and on grass, and they prefer to sleep in the cool places, and sleep in warm places on cold days. Pork urination is generally in the hole, door, low, wet, and horns. The key to success or failure in training is to catch early. The pigs entered the new school and began to adjust immediately. (1) To prevent the weak food, we must each. Adequate feeding troughs and drinking heads. Pigs in the trekkers should be diligent, so that pigs who dare not approach the feeding trough can get the feeding trough. After a period of care, you can raise the habit of arranging the ingredients and eating the soil trough. (2) Make pigs feed, sleep, and defecate at the same time. Before the pigs enter the net, the pig pens should be cleaned beforehand, the pigs should be placed on the sleeping place, the feeding troughs should be put into the feed, the water in the drinker should be filled, and a small amount of feces should be piled up in the designated defecation, and the water should be poured. Drive into the circle. When individual pigs do not defecate at the designated point, they should shovel their faeces to the designated position in time, and wait for the care. After a few days, the pigs will develop the habit of eating, sleeping, and defecation.
6.3 captive density
According to the test, the piglet production stage of the piglet is 0.3-0.5 square meters per pig pen, 0.6-0.7 square meters in the middle pig stage, and 0.8-1.0 square meter in the big pig stage. The appropriate size of the herd is preferably 10-20 per group under the conditions of feeding in the same circle. 6.4 Temperature and humidity. The optimum temperature for growing and finishing pigs is 16-24 degrees for 30-60 kilograms, 14-20 degrees for 60-90 kilograms, and 12-16 degrees for weights above 90 kilograms. Too low or too high temperatures can affect pig weight gain and feed utilization. Therefore, in the summer, attention should be paid to the cooling of pigs, such as adding water spray cooling measures to pigs (when the temperature reaches 30 degrees or above, the pigs can be sprayed with water every hour), and in winter, insulation measures such as closed pig houses and hanging Warm sheds, thick mats, full circles, etc. can greatly improve the heat preservation effect, and conditionally use infrared light to increase the temperature of the pig house.
The humidity in the pig house is 40%-70%. In comparison, the temperature is too low and the humidity is too high, which is the most harmful to pigs. Therefore, the problem of heat preservation and moisture prevention in the pig house should be solved in the cold season.
6.5 air freshness
In the pig house, due to the fermentation or spoilage of excrement, feed, and bedding, toxic gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are often generated, and the pigs breathe a large amount of water vapor and carbon dioxide. If the design of the pig house is unreasonable, the ventilation and ventilation are not good, the stocking density is too large, and the health management of the pig pen is not good, it will cause the air in the house to be damp and dirty, full of large ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide and other toxic and harmful gases. Reduces pig appetite, weight gain and feed utilization, and causes an increase in pig eye disease, respiratory and digestive diseases, and increased mortality. Closed pig houses should pay attention to frequent ventilation and ventilation. The pig pens are often cleaned to keep the air inside the house fresh, and the temperature and humidity are suitable.
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