Abstract 1. Three-dimensional porous graphene/铌 composite structure for ultra-high-rate energy storage (Three-dimensional holey-graphene/niobiacompositearchitecturesf...
1. Three-dimensional porous graphene/ruthenium composite structure for ultra-high-rate energy storage
(Three-dimensional holey-graphene/niobia composite architectures for ultrahigh-rate energy storage)
Nanostructured materials have extraordinary promise for electrochemical energy storage, but due to the increased ion diffusion limitations in thicker electrodes, they are typically limited to electrodes with relatively low mass loading (about 1 milligram per square centimeter). Sun et al. reported the design of three-dimensional (3D) porous-graphene/yttria (Nb2O5) composites that achieve ultra-high-speed energy storage at actual mass loading levels greater than 10 milligrams per square centimeter. The highly interconnected graphene network in the 3D structure provides excellent electron transport properties, while its layered porous structure facilitates rapid ion transport. By systematically adjusting the porosity in the porous graphene framework and optimizing charge transport in the composite structure, high area capacity and high rate capability can be provided under high quality loads. (Science DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5852)
2. Bottom-up construction superstructure
(Bottom-up construction of a superstructure in a porous uranium-organic crystal)
Constructing highly complex superstructures from the bottom up from simple building blocks has always been one of the most challenging tasks in chemistry. Li et al. reported a mesoporous uranium-based metal organic framework (MOF) with a complex structure constructed from a simple starting material. This structure consists of 10 uranium nodes and 7 tricarboxy complexes, forming a 173.3 angstrom cubic unit, which forms 816 uranium nodes and 816 organic links - the largest single among non-biological materials. Cell. The truncated half cubes are combined into a pentagonal and hexagonal prismatic secondary structure, which then forms a four-deformation and diamond-type quadratic topology with unprecedented complexity. This combination separately forms two cavities with internal diameters of 5.0 nm and 6,2 nm, resulting in the lowest density MOF to date. (Science DOI: 10.1126/science.aam7851)
3. Kinetic chemical expansion of non-stoichiometric oxide films at extreme temperatures
(Dynamic chemical expansion of thin-film non-stoichiometric oxides at extreme temperatures)
Actuators that operate at increasingly extreme and remote conditions require materials that can be reliably sensed and activated in high temperature and a range of gas environments. The design of this material will rely on high temperature, high resolution methods to characterize the actuation of the material in situ. Swallow et al. demonstrated a new high temperature, low voltage, electromechanically controlled oxide actuator based on the typical material PrxCe1-xO2-δ (PCO). Chemical strain and interfacial stress are produced by electrochemically pumping oxygen into or out of the PCO membrane, resulting in measurable membrane volume changes due to chemical expansion. To achieve >0.1% nanoscale displacement and strain at 650 °C, the required electrical bias value is <0.1V, which is lower than the piezoelectrically driven actuator, and the structural deflection strain caused by stress is amplified by five. Times. On-site in situ measurement of membrane "breathing" at secondary time resolution also enables detailed identification of the control kinetics of the reaction and can be extended to other electrochemically mechanically coupled oxide membranes at extreme temperatures. (Nature Materials DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4898)
4. The initial class II mixed price in the solid compound
(Incipient class II mixed valency in a plutonium solid-state compound)
Mixed-valent transition metal complexes, clusters, and electron transfer in materials are ubiquitous in both natural and synthetic systems. The extent to which inter-valency charge transfer (IVCT) occurs depends on the degree of delocalization, which places it in a Class II or III Robin-Day system. Because of the localization of valence electrons and the poor spatial overlap between metal and ligand orbitals, compounds of the f-block element, in contrast to the d-block, typically exhibit class I properties (without IVCT). Cary et al. reported the calculation and experimental evidence for 5f electron delocalization in the mixed-price PuIII/PuIV solid compound Pu3(DPA)5(H2O)2 (DPA = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate). The properties of this compound consist of pure PuIII and PuIV pyridine dicarboxylate complexes [PuIII(DPA)(H2O)4]Br and PuIV(DPA)2(H2O)3•3H2O and a second mixed price falling into class I. The compound PuIII [PuIV(DPA)3H0.5]2 was used as a measure. Metal-to-ligand charge transfer involves the formation of Pu3(DPA)5(H2O)2 and IVCT. (Nature Chemistry DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.2777)
5. Multi-excitation manipulation of antiferromagnetic domains
(Multi-stimuli manipulation of antiferromagnetic domains assessed by second-harmonic imaging)
Among the various magnetic textures available in nature, antiferromagnetics are one of the most "discrete" among them because they completely eliminate staggered internal magnetization. Therefore, exploring it is very challenging. However, its insensitivity to external magnetic perturbations and its inherent sub-picosecond dynamics make it attractive for future information technologies. Therefore, it is important to understand the microscopic mechanisms that control the antiferromagnetic domains to achieve precise manipulation and control. Chauleau et al. successfully imaged the electron and antiferromagnetic sequences in a multiferromagnetic BiFeO model at submicron resolution using optical second harmonics, a unique laboratory-usable tool. By using a sub-coercive electric field and a sub-picosecond light pulse, the antiferromagnetic domain can be manipulated with low power consumption. Interestingly, antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains can be represented separately, revealing that magnetoelectric coupling can result in various arrangements of the two magnetic sequences. (Nature Materials DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4899)
6. Multidimensional entropy map of quantum criticality
(Multidimensional entropy landscape of quantum criticality)
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any equilibrium system must be zero at absolute zero temperature. On the other hand, at non-zero temperatures, the substance is expected to accumulate entropy near the quantum critical point, at which point it undergoes a continuous transition from one ground state to another. Based on general thermodynamic principles, Grube et al. determined the spatial dimension distribution of the entropy S near the quantum critical point and its steepest drop in the corresponding multidimensional stress space. They demonstrated this distribution near the initiation of the antiferromagnetic order of the typical quantum critical compound CeCu6-xAux and were able to relate the directional stress dependence of S to the geometry of previously determined quantum critical fluctuations. Grube et al.'s demonstration of the multidimensional entropy map provides the basis for understanding how quantum criticality makes the new phase a core (such as high temperature superconductors). (Nature Physics DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS4113)
7. Quasi-particle interference and strong electron coupling in the quasi-one-dimensional energy band of Sr2RuO4
(Quasiparticle interference and strong electron–mode coupling in the quasi-one-like bands of Sr2RuO4)
The single-layer citrate Sr2RuO4 acts as a potential spin-triplet superconductor with ordered parameters that may be inverse invariant and Major semi-quantitative vortices with Majorana zero-mode failure. Although the actual nature of the superconducting state is still a controversial issue, it is generally believed that the metal state described by conventional Fermi liquids condenses. Wang et al. combined the Fourier transform scanning tunneling spectroscopy (FT-STS) and momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (M-EELS) to detect the interaction effects in the normal state of Sr2RuO4. High-resolution FT-STS data shows the characteristics of the beta band with significantly quasi-one-dimensional (1D) properties. The band-gap dispersion shows a surprisingly strong interaction effect, which significantly normalizes the Fermi velocity, indicating that the normal state of Sr2RuO4 is the normal state of the "correlated metal" and the correlation is enhanced by the quasi-1D nature of the band. In addition, kinks were observed at energies of approximately 10 meV, 38 meV, and 70 meV. By comparing the STM and M-EELS data, they found that the two higher energy characteristics are due to the coupling of the collective mode. The strong correlation effects and kinks of the quasi-1D band can provide important information for understanding the superconducting state. (Nature Physics DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS4107)
8. Exciton-polarization transfer imaging in MoSe2 waveguide
(Imaging exciton–polariton transport in MoSe2 waveguides)
Exciton-polarization (EP) is a semi- and semi-material quasi-particle that may be an important element of future photons and quantum technology. It provides the strong light-substance interactions and long-range propagation required for energy or information transfer related applications. Recently, in the van der Waals (vdW) material, the strong coupling cavity EP at room temperature has been confirmed by strongly bound excitons. Hu et al. reported nano-optical imaging studies of waveguide EP in MoSe2 (typical vdW semiconductors). The measured EP propagation length is sensitive to the excitation photon energy and can reach 12 μm. By controlling the thickness of the waveguide, the polaron wavelength can be easily changed from 600 nm to 300 nm. In addition, the dispersion of interesting reverse-bending polaritons near the exciton resonance was also found. The EP observed in vdW semiconductors can be used in future nanophotonic circuits operating in the near infrared to visible spectral region. (Nature Photonics DOI: 10.1038/NPHOTON.2017.65)
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