Safety precautions for concentrated sulfuric acid

Concentrated sulfuric acid is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid. It has strong corrosiveness and strong oxidizing property. It must be operated in strict accordance with the specifications during storage and use, and pay attention to safety.

First, the danger of concentrated sulfuric acid

1. Health hazards:

It has strong irritating and corrosive effects on tissues such as skin and mucous membranes.

Vapor or fog can cause conjunctivitis, conjunctival edema, corneal opacity, resulting in blindness; respiratory irritation, severe dyspnea and pulmonary edema; high concentration causes sore throat or glottic edema and suffocation.

After oral administration, it causes burns in the digestive tract to cause ulceration; in severe cases, there may be gastric perforation, peritonitis, kidney damage, shock, etc. The oral death rate of concentrated sulfuric acid is about 5 ml.

The skin burns lightly, the erythema appears, the severe one forms the ulcer, and the scar contraction affects the function. Splashing into the eyes can cause burns, even corneal perforation, total ophthalmia and even blindness.

Chronic effects: long-term exposure to sulfuric acid fog, may have nasal mucosa atrophy accompanied by decreased or disappeared olfactory, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary sclerosis and dental erosion. .

2. Environmental hazards: The solution can cause pollution to water bodies and soils, and sulfuric acid mist is also an air pollution.

3. Explosion hazard: Although sulfuric acid is not flammable, many reactions may cause fire or explosion. If it reacts with metal powder, it will produce flammable gas. When mixed with water, it will release a lot of heat.

Use a sand, dry powder fire extinguisher or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire immediately. Do not use water to extinguish the fire.

Second, protective measures

Respiratory protection: A gas mask or a supplied-air helmet must be worn when exposed to sulfuric acid vapors or fumes. In emergency situations or when escaping, it is recommended to wear a self-contained breathing apparatus or use a damp cloth to cover your nose and mouth.

Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses.

Protective clothing: wear overalls (made of anti-corrosion materials) and rubber shoes.

Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves.

Others: The workplace should be ventilated, with water and fire-fighting equipment. Safety showers and eye wash equipment should be provided. After work, shower and change clothes. Store contaminated clothing separately and wash it before use. Maintain good hygiene practices.

Third, leakage emergency treatment

If a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid leaks, it can be washed with a large amount of tap water. The cleaning liquid is collected in a waste liquid tank and discharged after treatment.

If there is a large amount of concentrated sulfuric acid leakage, evacuate the personnel in the contaminated area to a safe area, and prohibit unrelated personnel from entering the contaminated area. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear masks and chemical protective clothing. Properly ventilate, do not directly touch the spill, do not allow the spill to come into contact with combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.) and prevent leakage under safe conditions. The spray mist slows down (or spreads), but do not spray water directly on spills or leaks. Mix with sand, dry lime or soda ash, then collect and transport to waste disposal site for disposal. It can also be rinsed with a large amount of water, and discharged after being diluted and washed.

Fourth, poisoning first aid measures

Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse with plenty of 2% sodium bicarbonate solution or water for more than 20 minutes (use cloth to enlarge the burn area), seek medical attention

Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or saline for 15 minutes.

Inhalation: Leave the scene quickly to fresh air and give oxygen when breathing is difficult. A 2-4% sodium bicarbonate solution was administered by nebulization. Seek medical attention.

Ingestion: Inadvertently give oral milk, egg white, vegetable oil, etc., can not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention immediately.

Five, the use of concentrated sulfuric acid and precautions

Pay attention to the control of sulfuric acid mist and strengthen the ventilation and exhaust. The maximum allowable concentration of sulfuric acid mist in the workshop: 2 mg/m3, there must be convenient flushing equipment in the workshop. It is forbidden to use fireworks and water to eat, strictly abide by the operating rules, and handle it lightly when handling.

When concentrated sulfuric acid is dissolved in water, a large amount of heat can be released. Therefore, when concentrated sulfuric acid is diluted, concentrated sulfuric acid is often injected into the water along the wall (the flask is drained with a glass rod), and stirring is continued, so that the heat generated by the dilution is released in time. Remember to "acid into the water, along the wall, slowly pour, keep stirring." Do not add water to the acid, as it will cause splashes and burns. The diluted sulfuric acid should be cooled to room temperature and stored in a reagent bottle.

If you accidentally pour concentrated sulfuric acid on the test table, first wipe it with a rag and rinse with water. The cleaning solution is collected and disposed of before being discharged.

6. Storage of concentrated sulfuric acid

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse, and store it separately from combustibles, reducing substances, alkalis, metal powders, etc.

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