Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University in the United States have jointly produced a tandem-structured solar cell in which a monocrystalline silicon solar cell and a perovskite solar cell are laminated. Although the conversion efficiency is still not high enough, only 13.7%, the two sides have set a goal of achieving a conversion efficiency of 29%, and “may eventually exceed 35%†(paper). If the goal is achieved, this may be a solar cell with high conversion efficiency and low manufacturing cost. In recent years, the performance of perovskite solar cells has increased significantly. In 2014, it was reported that conversion efficiency reached 20.1%. Due to the low material cost and simple manufacturing process, it may have a huge impact on the solar cell market in the future. However, for the perovskite type solar cell, the wavelength region of light that can be used for power generation is slightly biased toward the short wavelength region. For the mainstream solar cell, silicon-based solar cells, long-wavelength visible light and near-infrared rays are more conducive to power generation. Therefore, it is generally agreed between researchers that combining the two can use light of a wider range of wavelengths and near-infrared rays, and can achieve solar cells whose efficiency is far greater than that of existing silicon-based solar cells. The earliest attempt to combine the two was MIT. MIT produced a series-connected solar cell with a perovskite solar cell as its top layer and a monocrystalline silicon solar cell as the bottom layer. According to MIT, there were examples of simple overlapping of perovskite-type solar cells and silicon-based solar cells, but power was separately derived. This is the first time that two types of solar cells have been made into a single component. However, the conversion efficiency of trial-produced tandem solar cells was only 13.7%. The paper points out that the reasons for low conversion efficiency are: (1) Single crystal silicon solar cells and perovskite solar cells manufactured by MIT et al. have insufficient element optimization, and the monomer performance of each solar cell is very low. (2) The current in the perovskite solar cell is particularly small, and the current value of the entire element is limited. Regarding (1), the conversion efficiency of the monocrystalline silicon solar cell is 13.8%, and the conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell is 13.5%. MIT believes that there is still room for further development of the tandem-structured solar cells. If optimization techniques are applied to maximize the efficiency of each solar cell, then the conversion efficiency of this series-structured solar cell will reach 29.0%. The subject currently facing is: the use of lead (Pb) and perovskite type solar cells as one of main materials of the perovskite type solar cell is apt to be deteriorated and the element life is short. However, recent research and development is looking for Pb alternative materials and improving life expectancy. (Reporter: Nozawa Tetsuo) Ordinary mullite porcelain is made of aluminosilicate natural minerals as a main raw material, and is formed by a reaction sintering method in which a eucalyptus is synthesized in a sintering process or a mullite is first synthesized and then sintered. Due to the low purity of raw materials and high impurity content, in addition to Al2O3 and SiO2, the components also contain impurities such as TiO2, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, etc., so that there are a considerable amount of glass phase in the product, resulting in mechanical and thermal properties. Poor, the excellent performance of mullite ceramics at high temperatures cannot be fully utilized. Therefore, ordinary mullite ceramics in the industry can only be used as a general refractory material in the case where the temperature and high temperature strength are not high. Mullite Ceramic,Mullite Ceramic Plate,Mullite Honeycomb Ceramic,Mullite Cordierite Honeycomb Ceramic SHENZHEN HARD PRECISION CERAMIC CO.,LTD , https://www.hardcm.com